一种基于图像信息的微小型飞行器姿态测量方法

提出了一种基于图像信息的微小型飞行器姿态测量方法.该方法综合运用Laplacian-Gauss边缘检测、OTSU算法以及Hough变换等数字图像处理技术,从机载摄像机图像中识别出地平线或者海天线.根据得到的直线信息可以迅速地测量出飞行器的滚转角与俯仰角.实验表明,该方法可以有效地识别出复杂背景中的地平线和海天线,计算得到的滚转角与俯仰角精度满足飞行器的姿态控制要求.     

角速率输入下的姿态算法设计

传统的捷联惯导姿态算法以陀螺角增量输入为基础，但是有许多陀螺输出为角速率，若由角速率提取角增量则会带来很大的算法误差。为此，设计了一种仅使用角速率做输入的旋转矢量算法，并给出了圆锥误差表达式。仿真表明。算法具有较高精度，可显著减少运算量，提高系统输出响应速度。     

Views on contentious practices in dairy farming: The case of early cow-calf separation

The public has become increasingly interested in the welfare of food animals, but the food animal industries possess few mechanisms for public engagement. Here we present results from a web-based forum designed to allow stakeholders to share views on controversial issues in dairying. In response to the question “Should dairy calves be separated from the cow within the first few hours after birth?” participants were able to indicate “yes,” “no,” or “neutral” and either write a reason in support of their view or select reasons provided by other participants. Four independent groups of participants were recruited (a total of 163 people); 31% said they had no involvement in the dairy industry; the remaining 69% (with some involvement in the industry) were students or teachers (33%), animal advocates (13%), producers (11%), veterinarians (9%) and other dairy industry professionals (3%). Overall, little consensus existed among participants across groups; 44% chose “yes,” 48% “no,” and 9% “neutral.” Responses varied with demographics, with opposition to early separation higher among females, animal advocates, and those with no involvement with the dairy industry. A fifth group was recruited at a dairy industry conference (an additional 28 participants); 46% chose “yes,” 32% “no,” and 21% “neutral.” Across all 5 groups, opponents and supporters often referenced similar issues in the reasons they provided. Opponents of early separation contended that it is emotionally stressful for the calf and cow, it compromises calf and cow health, it is unnatural, and the industry can and should accommodate cow-calf pairs. In contrast, supporters of early separation reasoned that emotional distress is minimized by separating before bonds develop, that it promotes calf and cow health, and that the industry is limited in its ability to accommodate cow-calf pairs. These results illustrate the potential of web-based forums to identify areas of agreement and conflict among stakeholders, providing a basis for the development of practices that address shared concerns.     

Evaluative conditioning in humans: A meta-analysis.

This article presents a meta-analysis of research on evaluative conditioning (EC), defined as a change in the liking of a stimulus (conditioned stimulus; CS) that results from pairing that stimulus with other positive or negative stimuli (unconditioned stimulus; US). Across a total of 214 studies included in the main sample, the mean EC effect was d = .52, with a 95% confidence interval of .466–.582. As estimated from a random-effects model, about 70% of the variance in effect sizes were attributable to true systematic variation rather than sampling error. Moderator analyses were conducted to partially explain this variation, both as a function of concrete aspects of the procedural implementation and as a function of the abstract aspects of the relation between CS and US. Among a range of other findings, EC effects were stronger for high than for low contingency awareness, for supraliminal than for subliminal US presentation, for postacquisition than for postextinction effects, and for self-report than for implicit measures. These findings are discussed with regard to the procedural boundary conditions of EC and theoretical accounts about the mental processes underlying EC. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于目标姿态信息的导弹微分对策制导律研究

为了提高导弹制导性能,针对导弹制导律设计,在推导理想条件微分对策制导律和考虑目标信息估计延迟微分对策制导律的基础上,以脱靶量为代价函数,通过目标姿态估计目标机动方向,提出了一种基于目标姿态信息研究导弹微分对策制导律(DGL/S)的方法.并通过对数值仿真验证了研究方法的正确性.     

一种新型低空轰炸弹道显示器

本文介绍了由电子线路构成的结构简单、使用方便、工作可靠的新型低空轰炸弹道显示器。     

导弹迎击时飞机的最佳逃逸策略研究

研究了飞机在被导弹迎面攻击时的最佳逃逸策略。首先建立了弹-机追逃对抗飞行数学模型,提出了几种突防方案,即机动变轨技术、抛射诱饵以及综合这两种突防方案,通过大量飞行数值仿真直观地比较了各种突防策略,得出了飞机躲避导弹袭击的最佳策略——作非常规机动并且同时发射诱饵弹。     

反舰导弹末端蛇行机动弹道设计

为避开舰艇密集火力的拦截。增强突防能力。反舰导弹必须在其弹道末端具备一定的机动性能。文中研究了一种可实现导弹末端蛇行机动的方法，采用加速度控制方案代替传统的姿态控制方案．根据蛇类运动原理采用能量最优控制方法计算得到了加速度控制指令．利用该控制指令对某型超音速反舰导弹进行了弹道仿真计算，实现了导弹纵向和侧向的两种蛇行机动弹道，计算结果表明该算法是有效的。     

Two new measures of attitudes about the acceptability of teen dating aggression.

Aggression in dating relationships is associated with attitudes that justify its use. Attitudes about dating aggression are targeted by prevention efforts, contributing to a need to measure these attitudes sensitively, accurately, and multidimensionally. We describe two new measures of attitudes about aggression, each tapping different attitudinal components, and compare their psychometric properties with an existing scale. The 1st assesses attitudes about physical aggression in provocative situations. The 2nd taps attitudes about verbally aggressive, controlling, and jealous tactics against a dating partner. Data from 2,313 high school students were factor analyzed and cross-validated for each new scale. Compared with an existing measure, the scales had comparable levels of reliability and validity and improved response distributions. A 2nd-order factor analysis lends support to a multidimensional view of attitudes about dating aggression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predicting motorcyclists’ intentions to speed: Effects of selected cognitions from the theory of planned behaviour, self-identity and social identity

This study sought to identify cognitive predictors of motorcyclists’ intentions to speed using a model that comprised selected constructs from the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), supplemented with constructs from identity theory and social identity theory. Participants (N = 110) were sampled from motorcycle clubs in Scotland and they completed web-based questionnaire measures of all cognitive variables, operationalized with respect to speeding on both 30 mph urban roads and 70 mph dual carriageways and motorways. In support of the TPB element of the model, affective attitude and perceived controllability accounted for significant variance in intention to speed on each road type. The identity constructs accounted for additional variance in intentions to speed on 70 mph roads. The significant independent predictors of speeding intentions on 30 mph roads were affective attitude and perceived controllability. For 70 mph roads, the independent predictors of intention were affective attitude, self-identity, perceived group norm, group identification, and an interaction between perceived group norm and group identification. Consistent with predictions derived from social identity theory, decomposition of the interaction showed that perceived group norm had an increasing effect on intention with increases in group identification. Implications for theory development and safety interventions are discussed.